![]() are unprofitable to birds ( De Cock and Matthysen, 2001 Tyler, 2001a) and wood ants ( Tyler, 2001b), and they possess glandular self-defensive organs along either side of the abdomen ( Tyler and Trice, 2001). Recent studies found that larvae of Lampyris noctiluca L. Plenty of other functions havebeen proposed for the glowing of lampyrid larvae ( Lloyd, 1973 Sivinski, 1981 Tyler, 2002), but many argu mentsand a lack of supportive data favor against these hypo theses (see De Cock and Matthysen for an exhaustive discussion). Aposematism, the use of conspicuous signals to warn predators of unprofitability ( Cott,1940 Edmunds, 1974 Gittleman and Harvey, 1980 Guilford, 1986 Lindström, 2000 Poulton, 1890), seems the most likely strategy ( De Cock and Matthysen, 1999 Grober, 1988, 1989 Guilford and Cuthill, 1989 Lloyd, 1973 Sivinski, 1981 Underwood et al., 1997). Antipredator defense is cited as the most possible function ( Bushman, 1988 Lloyd, 1973 Sivinski, 1981 Tyler, 2002), but it still lacks convincing experimental support. Hereby, they emit slow glow-pulses of several seconds, which are separated by intervals of variable duration. ![]() Larval luminescence is usually induced by disturbance, but many species also glowspontaneously during the night, especially during locomotion ( Christensen and Carlson, 1982 Dreisig, 1974). Glow-worm larvae typically glow from a paired light organ in the penultimate abdominal segment. Even in fireflies, famous for their courtship flashes ( Carlson and Copeland, 1985), there has been speculation for many years about the function of the light organs and distinctive glow ingbehavior of the larvae ( Bushman, 1988 Christensen and Carlson, 1982 Dreisig, 1974 Lloyd, 1973 Sivinski, 1981 Tyler, 2002). ![]() Although its biochemistry is well understood and is ap plied for various scientific techniques ( Campbell et al., 1994 Haddock, 2000), the survival value of bioluminescence to the organisms themselves often remains unclear ( Buck, 1978 Hastings and Morin, 1991 Morin, 1983).
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
Details
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |